How to Apply for a U.S. Visa as a European Traveler: Everything You Need to Know

Planning a trip to the United States from Europe? Whether it’s for a vacation, a business trip, or a road trip from New York to California, one of the first things you’ll need to check is your entry requirements. For most European citizens, traveling to the U.S. is relatively simple, but it’s important to understand the difference between an ESTA and a visa, how to apply, how long it takes, and what it costs.

1. Do You Need a Visa or an ESTA?

If you’re a citizen of one of the Visa Waiver Program (VWP) countries, which includes most European nations like Italy, France, Germany, Spain, and Switzerland you don’t need a full visa for short stays.

Instead, you can apply for an ESTA (Electronic System for Travel Authorization), which allows you to stay in the U.S. for up to 90 days for tourism, business, or transit.

If you plan to study, work, or stay longer than 90 days, then you’ll need to apply for a nonimmigrant visa (such as a B-2 tourist visa or a specific work/student category).

2. How to Apply for an ESTA

The official website for ESTA applications is: https://esta.cbp.dhs.gov

⚠️ Be careful: there are many unofficial websites that look similar but charge extra service fees. The U.S. government’s site is the only legitimate one.

To apply, you’ll need to:

1. Fill out an online form with your passport and travel details.

2. Answer some eligibility and security questions.

3. Pay the application fee of 21 USD (as of 2025).

You’ll usually get a response within minutes to 72 hours. Once approved, your ESTA is valid for two years, or until your passport expires, whichever comes first.

3. How Long Does It Take?

The ESTA process is fast. Most travelers receive approval within 24 hours, but you should apply at least 72 hours before your departure, just in case there’s an issue or you’re asked to provide additional information.

If you need a traditional visa, the timeline is longer. You’ll need to:

• Complete the DS-160 form online,

• Pay a visa fee (starting from 185 USD),

• Schedule an interview at the nearest U.S. Embassy or Consulate,

• And wait for processing (which can take a few weeks).

4. Validity and Entry Rules

Having an ESTA or visa does not guarantee entry to the United States, it only allows you to board the plane. Final approval is given by a U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) officer upon arrival.

Your passport must also be valid for at least six months beyond your planned stay, and you must have a return ticket proving that you intend to leave within 90 days.

5. Common Questions

Can I extend my ESTA while in the U.S.?

No, the ESTA cannot be extended. If you wish to stay longer, you must leave the country and apply for a proper visa before returning.

Do I need a visa if I’m just transiting through the U.S.?

If you’re from a Visa Waiver country, an ESTA is still required even if you’re just passing through an American airport.

Can my ESTA be denied?

Yes, though it’s rare. If it happens, you’ll need to apply for a visa instead. Common reasons for denial include previous overstays or mistakes on the form.